And another option (which I think BCPL has) is to pair continuation markers at the end and start of the spliced lines. Any white space and/or comments between the splice markers is deleted. You could also specify that bracketed comments such as /* */ have these semantics.

In fact, backslash-newline is redundant in C (if you don't use it to split tokens, which is evil) because its pertinent uses can be replaced by a /* \n */ comment or by a "..." \n "..." string continuation.

Indeed. I made that observation when I bumped into Simon in the pub this evening.

There is just one place I can think of where backslash-newline is nonetheless needed: splitting a #include filename across multiple lines. Why doesn't the preprocessor concatenate all strings that follow the #include directive to make the filename? I concluded some hysterical raisins might be involved. (ISTR encountering a compiler once upon a time that had a non-standard optional second parameter.)

Good point - though if you need to split a #include like that then something has gone horribly wrong :-)

Also, #include delenda est: http://www.infoq.com/news/2012/11/llvm-modules